Mineral production involves the extraction and processing of natural resources such as coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, limestone, and rare earth minerals. Major mining countries like China, Australia, the United States, Russia, and India have vast mineral reserves that are processed into raw materials for industries such as construction, manufacturing, and technology. The mining process includes exploration, extraction (either through open-pit or underground mining), refining, and purification to meet industrial-grade standards. Sustainable mining practices and technological advancements are improving efficiency while reducing environmental impact.